Pharmacognosy of Gular(FICUS RECEMOSA)



                 FICUS RECEMOSA

Biological source: Drug consist of dried bark of Ficus racemosa
Family: Moraceae
A large deciduous tree distributed all over India, found throughout the year, grows in evergreen forests, moist localities, along the side of ravines and banks of streams.
Vernacular Names

Sans.    -           Udumbara
Bang.   -           Jagnadumar
Guj.     -           Umbro
Hindi   -           Gular
Kan.    -           Attimara
Mal.     -           Atti
Mar.     -           Umbar
Oriya   -           Jajnadimbri
Tam.    -           Atti
Tel.      -           Atti
DESCRIPTION
Macroscopic:
Bark is greyish green to rusty brown in colour with soft and uneven surface. It is 0.5 -1.8 cm thick. Outer surface of bark consists of easily removable translucent flakes of whitish tissue, inner surface light brown; fracture fibrous. The entire bark has more or less homogenous leathery texture. Taste astringent without any characteristics odour.





Microscopic:
Transverse section of bark shows the presence of cork made up of thin-walled cells filled with brownish content. Cork cambium is single layered. Secondary cortex composed of thin-walled rectangular cells. Most of the cortical cells are filled with simple and compound starch grains, a number of cells contains cubical and rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate, some get lignified with pitted walls found scattered singly or in large groups; while most of the cells are filled with orange-brown contents.
Secondary phloem are very wide zone composed of parenchyma with patches of sieve tubes, companion cells and medullary rays; phloem parenchyma are circular to oval thin – walled, phloem fibers are much elongated and lignified in nature. Medullary rays are uni to penta seriate. Laticiferous cells are found in phloem region which are similar to parenchyma but filled with small granular masses.

Chemical Constituents
Major: Tannins (14%).
Minor: Leucoambocyanins, leucocyanindin-3-O-B-D-glucopyranoside and stigmasterol, a-amyrin acetate, lupeol, stigmasterol.
Pharmocology
Aqueous extract of the drug possesses antiulcer activity against acute gastric ulcers in animals. It was also found to inhibit acid secretion and to stimulate excretion of gastric juice. It is still used in folk medicine as astringent, antidiabetic, refrigerant, and efficacious in threaten abortions.

Therapeutic Category
Antiulcer, Ant diabetic
Safety Aspects
In clinical practice no adverse reactions have been reported till date.
Dosage
3-6 g of the drug in powdered form.
20-30 g of the drug in form of decoction.

 References
INDIAN HERBAL PHARMOCPOEIA, REVISED NEW EDITION 2002; PUBLISHED BY INDIAN DRUG MANUFACTURES ASSOCIATION MUMBAI; PAGE No. 223, 225, 227,228, 231, 232, 233.


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